So far, the prize in Physiology or medicine went to a trio of researchers who have discovered the different aspects of the nature of immunity, and the Physics Prize went to a trio of physicists who discovered in the 1990s that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.

 

These achievements are indeed great, and the winners join a list of some of the best representatives of humanity. Here is a sample of the notable Nobel Prize winners of the past, and what they have done.

1. Albert Einstein

Who better to kick-off this list as perhaps the most famous scientist in the history of the world? Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for discovering the cause of “the photoelectric effect.” It was a disturbing phenomenon in which atoms, when bombarded by electrons of light, issued. In 1905, Einstein argued that light has been divided into discrete packets (which we now call photons). He has theorized that when these packets of light hit the atoms, electrons absorbed the atoms and, with the extra energy, tore free of atoms between them.

The fact that light is composed of particles that are absorbed and emitted by the atoms is one of the numerous revolutionary discoveries of Einstein. It came with the theories of special and General and discovered relativity that matter and energy are equivalent (as incorporated in the equation E = mc²). A true polymath - in science, at least - he even wrote an article explaining why the average ratio “meander” of a river - the report of its length to the distance between the source and mouth as the crow flies - is equal to pi.

2. Sir Alexander Fleming & Co.

The 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine went to Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain and Sir Howard Florey for the discovery of penicillin, a fungus and its use as an antibiotic.Current opinion wants Sir Alexander made the discovery accidentally when he ate a piece of moldy bread and became healed of an infectious disease. The grain of truth in the story, is that the discovery was indeed an accident. Fleming went on vacation in August 1928 and returns to his laboratory in early September to discover that a fungus had developed in a stack of boxes of Petri dishes containing bacteria. The bacteria were dead in dishes that surround the fungus, while bacteria in dishes more away are not affected

.

Fleming spent the next two decades, studying the effects antibacterial what he first called “mould juice” and later called “penicillin” of the kind the fungus (Penicillium). Chain and Florey contributed by the conduct of rigorous clinical trials that proved the great utility of penicillin and find ways to purify and to produce it in bulk.Penicillin heals the Staph infections, Scarlet fever, gonorrhea, pneumonia, meningitis, diphtheria, syphilis and other infectious diseases.

3. Marie Curie & Co.

Marie Curie was the first to win two Nobel Prize and is one of the only two people in the history of the Nobels to win in two different fields. She and her husband Pierre, with Henri Becquerel, won the prize in Physics in 1903 for the discovery of radioactivity. Then, she won for Chemistry in 1911 for the discovery of radium elements and polonium and to study their properties.

The Curies are the darlings of the Nobel Prize. On top of victories of Marie and Pierre, their daughter Irène Joliot-Curie was awarded in chemistry in 1935 with her husband, Frederick. And Henry Labouisse, the husband of the daughter of Marie Curie, was the Director of UNICEF, in the international organization won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965.

4. Hermann Müller

In 1946, an American named Hermann Müller received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine for discovering that radiation causes mutations. A biologist by training, he spent the 1920s on the effects of x-rays on the various bodies and in 1926 found a clear link between exposure to radiation and lethal mutations. In the following years, Müller has worked tirelessly to make known the serious dangers of exposure to radiation. When his work was recognized by the Nobel Committee, he drew public attention to the health effects of nuclear fallout, particularly following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945.

For the rest of his life, Müller has been a leading voice in the campaign against nuclear weapons testing and has worked for the dissemination of the threat of nuclear war.

5. MLK, Jr.

At age 35, the reverend Martin Luther King Jr. is become the youngest to receive the Nobel Prize for peace during his work at the end to racial discrimination in the United States through violent means was recognized in 1964. His speech “I Have a Dream”, which he delivered a year earlier since the markets from the Lincoln Memorial to a crowd of 200,000, was only one of many speeches famous and influential King gave as leader of the civil rights movement.

6. The Red Cross

The International Committee of the Red Cross has won the Nobel Prize in any entity or person most. He won the prize of peace in 1917 and for his work in 1944 during the first and second world wars, and a third peace award in 1963, along with the League of Red Cross societies, marking the 100th anniversary of its foundation.

During the world wars, the Red Cross has visited and monitor prisoners of all the warring camps, organized relief for civilian populations and administered exchange of messages about hundreds of thousands of prisoners and missing persons.

7. Watson, Crick & Wilkins

Francis Crick and James Watson won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine in 1962 for their discovery that forms a double helix of DNA. Maurice Wilkins shared the prize with them for the production of some of the first evidence in support of their claim - he used a technique called x-ray crystallography to determine the shape of the DNA molecule.

Their price remains controversial because of who was left off the list of the winners. Watson and Crick form their hypothesis on the form of DNA in 1953 only after the analysis of the image of the x-ray diffraction of DNA collected by a biophysicist named Rosalind Franklin, a year earlier. (The image was posted to Watson and Crick without his knowledge). Franklin had already written a draft of his paper on the Helix of DNA form before that Watson and Crick wrote them, but his contributions were overlooked for years. Franklin has never been able to make his case to the Nobel Committee. Watson, Crick and Wilkins received the honor four years after his death. [New World Record: most large human DNA Helix]

8.Werner Heisenberg

Heisenberg was awarded the physics in 1932 to discover the underlying principles of quantum mechanics, the rules that govern the behavior of subatomic particles.

Quantum mechanics has completely changed our understanding of reality. It is said that the light, electrons, atoms, and indeed, all things acting simultaneously as a particle and as a wave. The so-called ‘uncertainty principle’ derives from this; He says that it is impossible to know with accuracy both perfect speed and position of a particle. Know where a particle is, and you do not know where we are going, or how fast. Yet another curious aspect of quantum mechanics, it is that it shows there’s no reality - at least not at the atomic scale - which exists independently of our observations of it.

9. Jean-Paul Sartre

Sartre was one of the leading figures in 20th century French philosophy, particularly Marxism and Existentialism. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature 1964 but refused; saying that he did not be “transformed” by such a price and did not take sides in a cultural struggle is West vs in accepting an award from a major Western cultural institution.

Sartre published his treatise on Existentialism, “be and non-being,” in 1943. Together, he and author French Albert Camus (who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1957) popularized the Existentialist movement, which emphasized the experience of living instead of focusing on universal truths or moral obligations.

10. Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa, Catholic nun of Albanian ethnic origin and Indian nationality, founded the missionaries of charity in Calcutta, India, in 1950. She spent the next 45 years, his Ministry to the poor, sick, orphans of AIDS and die, while overseeing the gradual expansion of the missionaries of charity through and beyond the India. At the time of his death in 1997, there are 610 missions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV, leprosy and tuberculosis; soup kitchens; children and family counseling programs; schools and orphanages.

Mother Teresa won the Nobel Prize for peace in 1979. After his death, she was beatified by the Pope Jean Paul II - a saint - and given the title blessed Teresa of Calcutta.

For feedback join us:

Email: [email protected]